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Healthcare online Keeping you up-to-date
VOL.  23     ISSUE:  1  January  2025 Medical Services Department

SQUARE Pharmaceuticals PLC.

Features

EDITORIAL TEAM

A S M Shawkat Ali

MBBS, M. Phil

Rezaul Hasan Khan

MBBS, MPH, MSc, Fellow IPM

Rubyeat Adnan

MBBS, MPH

Mushfiqur Rahman

MBBS

Sm Fuad Hasan

MBBS

EDITORIAL

Dear Doctor,

Welcome to our online healthcare bulletin e- SQUARE !

In this issue, we focused on some interesting features like -
"Dementia Risk!
", "Insulin Sensitivity!", "Atrial Fibrillation !", "Alzheimer's Detection !",  "Migraine !", "Cancer risk !".

In our regular feature, we have some products information of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals PLC. as well.

Please send your feedback !  We always value your comments !

Click on to reply mode.

On behalf of the management of SQUARE, we wish you all a very happy, healthy and prosperous life.

 

Yours sincerely,

 

Editorial Team

Reply Mode      : e-square@squaregroup.com

The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of its editor or SQUARE Pharmaceuticals PLC.

 Dementia Risk !

Exercise Boosts Brain Function, May Reduce Dementia Risk

New research reveals that exercise activates specialized brain cells linked to insulin response, suggesting physical activity could directly enhance brain function and reduce the risk of dementia. The study highlights the role of neuronal extracellular vesicles (tiny particles released by the brain) in improving insulin sensitivity, a critical factor in cognition and memory. Insulin sensitivity measures how effectively the body responds to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Low insulin sensitivity, common in diabetes, is linked to reduced brain function and increased dementia risk. By studying extracellular vesicles in blood samples, researchers found these vesicles carry proteins vital for insulin action in the brain. The study involved 21 participants (average age 60) with prediabetes. Over two weeks, they completed 12 supervised, one-hour exercise sessions of moderate to high intensity. Blood samples taken before and after exercise revealed an increase in vesicles carrying insulin-related proteins. This shows that exercise enhances the brain’s ability to respond to insulin, potentially boosting cognition and memory. Insulin plays a vital role in memory formation, recall, and brain cell communication. When insulin is insufficient or the brain becomes resistant to it, cognitive functions suffer. Conditions like prediabetes, where insulin levels are disrupted, increase the risk of dementia, including Alzheimer’s. This study underscores the importance of regular exercise in promoting brain health. Beyond improving blood sugar control, physical activity may protect against cognitive decline by supporting insulin’s role in the brain. Scientists hope these findings will lead to therapies targeting insulin action to prevent or delay dementia progression.

SOURCE: January, 2025 , Science Daily

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 Insulin Sensitivity !

                              Brain Insulin Sensitivity Influences Body Weight and Fat Distribution

New research highlights that the brain's sensitivity to insulin determines both weight loss success and fat distribution in the body. People with high brain insulin sensitivity lose more weight and reduce harmful visceral fat through lifestyle changes, while those with insulin resistance in the brain experience limited weight loss and fat redistribution. The location of body fat plays a critical role in health. Visceral fat, stored in the abdomen, increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers due to its release of harmful neurotransmitters. In contrast, subcutaneous fat on the hips, thighs, and buttocks has no significant negative health effects. The study, which followed participants for nine years, found that individuals with high brain insulin sensitivity benefitted significantly from a fiber-rich diet and regular exercise. Scientists achieved long-term reductions in visceral fat and maintained these results even after the lifestyle intervention ended. Conversely, participants with brain insulin resistance regained weight and visceral fat over time. Researchers also analyzed a larger cohort and found that insulin sensitivity in the hypothalamus, a brain region critical for energy regulation, is linked to lower levels of visceral fat. However, this sensitivity has no impact on subcutaneous fat. This discovery sheds light on a key mechanism governing fat distribution. Insulin sensitivity in the brain determines where fat is deposited. Since visceral fat is a major contributor to metabolic and chronic diseases, these findings may pave the way for new treatments targeting brain insulin resistance to improve body fat distribution and overall health.

SOURCE: January, 2025 , Science Daily

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 Atrial Fibrillation !

                                        New Anti-Clotting Drug Reduces Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation Patients

A groundbreaking study, AZALEA-TIMI 71, evaluated a new class of anticoagulants called Factor XI inhibitors for treating atrial fibrillation (AF). The trial showed that abelacimab, a Factor XI inhibitor, significantly reduces bleeding compared to standard treatments, prompting an early trial stoppage due to its promising results. Atrial fibrillation affects about 1 in 3 people globally and increases stroke risk due to blood clots forming in the heart. However, many Atrial Fibrillation patients avoid anticoagulants like rivaroxaban due to concerns about bleeding risks. Abelacimab offers a safer alternative, addressing a key limitation in current treatments. In the trial, 1,287 participants from 95 global sites were randomized to receive either abelacimab (150 mg or 90 mg monthly injections) or standard rivaroxaban doses. Results showed that 150 mg abelacimab: Reduced bleeding requiring medical attention by 62% & 90 mg abelacimab: Reduced the same bleeding events by 69%. Both doses nearly eliminated gastrointestinal bleeding, a common side effect of current anticoagulants. Importantly, stroke rates were low across all groups, with no significant differences between abelacimab and rivaroxaban. The findings mark a significant advance in cardiovascular care. Factor XI inhibitors live up to their promise of superior safety that researchers noted. The study highlights abelacimab as a potential game-changer for AF treatment, offering effective stroke prevention with a reduced risk of bleeding. Further research is underway in the phase 3 LILAC-TIMI 76 trial, which will explore abelacimab's effectiveness in high-risk AF patients ineligible for standard anticoagulants.

SOURCE: January, 2025 , Science Daily

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 Alzheimer's Detection !

                            Study Advances Potential Blood Test for Early Alzheimer's Detection

Researchers have identified two blood molecules, acetyl-L-carnitine and free carnitine, that could serve as biomarkers for early detection and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Declining levels of these molecules align with the progression of cognitive decline, particularly in women, who are at higher risk for Alzheimer's. The study, involving participants from Brazil and California, demonstrated a close correlation between reduced blood levels of these molecules and elevated amyloid beta and tau protein levels—key markers of Alzheimer’s severity. Combining blood molecule data with traditional biomarkers increased diagnostic accuracy from over 80% to 93%. These findings suggest the potential for a blood test to track Alzheimer’s progression more easily and noninvasively than current methods, such as spinal taps. A blood test could also provide a more objective measure of disease severity and help evaluate the effectiveness of treatments aimed at delaying or preventing Alzheimer's. Acetyl-L-carnitine, critical for brain energy metabolism, plays a role in neurotransmitter regulation and nerve cell repair. Its decline is associated with brain dysfunction and mood disorders linked to Alzheimer's. Researchers aim to further investigate how these molecular pathways contribute to the disease and explore therapies targeting these mechanisms to intervene early. This research offers a promising step toward more accessible diagnostics and a deeper understanding of sex-specific differences in Alzheimer’s disease risk and progression.

SOURCE: January, 2025 , Science Daily

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 Migraine !

                    New Migraine Prevention Drug May Provide Immediate Relief

A newly approved oral medication, atogepant, shows promise in preventing migraines and providing relief from the very first day of use. This development is particularly significant as many existing migraine prevention drugs require weeks or even months to achieve full efficacy, often causing patients to discontinue use prematurely due to delays in symptom relief or side effects. Atogepant is a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist, a class of drugs designed to block pathways involved in migraine development. Researchers conducted a detailed analysis of three clinical trials—ADVANCE, ELEVATE, and PROGRESS—focusing on how quickly atogepant could begin to show benefits. The trials included individuals with episodic and chronic migraines, defined by the number of headaches or migraine days experienced per month. The ADVANCE trial involved 222 participants on atogepant and 214 on a placebo. On the first day, only 12% of atogepant users reported a migraine compared to 25% of placebo users—a 61% reduction. In the ELEVATE trial, similar results were observed, with 15% of atogepant users experiencing a migraine on the first day versus 26% of those on a placebo. The PROGRESS trial, which focused on chronic migraine patients, also showed a reduction, with 51% of atogepant users reporting a migraine on day one compared to 61% of placebo users. Over 12 weeks, atogepant consistently reduced the number of migraine days per week by about one to 1.5 days on average. In comparison, placebo users saw reductions of less than one day. Moreover, patients taking atogepant reported significant improvements in quality of life and reductions in migraine-related impairments. This study highlights the potential of atogepant as a fast-acting and effective preventive treatment for migraines, addressing a critical need for therapies that deliver quick relief while minimizing side effects. With episodic migraine affecting up to 14 days per month and chronic migraine involving at least 15 headache days monthly, the drug offers new hope for better management of these debilitating conditions. As researchers continue to explore the long-term effects and benefits of atogepant, it represents a significant step forward in migraine prevention and patient care.

SOURCE: January, 2025 , Science Daily

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Cancer risk !

Cancer risk established before birth

A person's lifetime risk for cancer may begin before they are even born, reports a paradigm-shifting study. The findings identified two distinct epigenetic states that arise during development and are linked to cancer risk. One of these states is associated with a lower lifetime risk while the other is associated with a higher lifetime risk. If cancer does develop in the lower risk state, it is more likely to be a liquid tumor, such as leukemia or lymphoma. If cancer develops in the higher risk state, it is more likely to be a solid tumor, such as lung or prostate cancer. Cancer risk increases as people age, thanks to an accumulation of DNA damage and other factors. Still, not every abnormal cell goes on to become cancer. In recent years, scientists have identified other influences, such as epigenetic errors, as additional contributors to cancer. Epigenetics are processes that affect how and when the instructions in DNA are carried out. Problems with epigenetics can derail cellular quality control processes, enabling sick cells to survive and spread. The scientists have found evidence of the two epigenetic states throughout tissues in the body, which suggests that developmental epigenetic risk may be common across cancers. In the future, they plan to explore the effects of these two states in individual cancer types.

SOURCE: January, 2025 , Science Daily

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Products of SQUARE Pharmaceuticals PLC.

Product AntiscarTM
  Generic Name Extractum Cepae +Heparin +Allantoin
  Strength 100 mg+ 0.278 mg+10 mg
  Dosage form Gel
  Therapeutic Category Antiscar
  Product Nomi TM
Generic Name

Zolmitriptan

Strength 2.5 mg/spray
Dosage form Nasal Spray
Therapeutic Category Antimigraine
Product MagnideTM
Generic Name Magnesium Oxide
  Strength 365 mg
Dosage form Tablet
  Therapeutic Category Mineral

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